| English term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Output VAT | ضريبة المخرجات | VAT you charge customers on sales. |
| Input VAT | ضريبة المدخلات | VAT you pay suppliers and can usually recover. |
| Zero-rated supply | توريد خاضع لنسبة الصفر | Taxable at 0%; input VAT is still recoverable. |
| Exempt supply | توريد معفى | No VAT charged; related input VAT usually not recoverable. |
| Tax invoice (B2B) | فاتورة ضريبية | Full invoice to a business customer. |
| Simplified tax invoice (B2C) | فاتورة ضريبية مبسطة | Invoice to a consumer, with fewer required fields. |
| Clearance | الاعتماد | The authority validates an invoice before it reaches the buyer (ZATCA B2B). |
| Reporting | الإبلاغ | The invoice is sent to the authority after issue, within 24 hours (ZATCA B2C). |
| ASP (Accredited Service Provider) | مزود خدمة معتمد | Licensed provider that exchanges e-invoices in the UAE system. |
| Zakat base | الوعاء الزكوي | The amount zakat (2.5%) is calculated on in Saudi Arabia. |
| Withholding tax | ضريبة الاستقطاع | Tax deducted from payments to non-residents or suppliers. |
| Small business relief | إعفاء الأعمال الصغيرة | UAE election for revenue of AED 3m or less: no corporate tax. |
| Chart of accounts | دليل الحسابات | The list of all accounts used to record transactions. |
| Trial balance | ميزان المراجعة | List of all account balances; debits must equal credits. |
| Accrual | الاستحقاق | Recording income or expense when earned or incurred, not when paid. |
| Month-end close | الإقفال الشهري | Reconciling and finalising the books for the month. |
| Bank reconciliation | التسوية البنكية | Matching the bank statement to the books. |
| Landed cost | تكلفة الاستيراد | Product cost including freight, customs and clearing. |
| FIFO / weighted average | الوارد أولاً / المتوسط المرجح | Methods to value inventory (IAS 2). |
| IFRS | المعايير الدولية للتقرير المالي | International accounting standards used across the Gulf. |
| ERP | نظام تخطيط موارد المؤسسة | One system for sales, purchasing, stock, accounting and HR. |
| Localisation | التوطين | Country-specific setup of taxes, reports and e-invoicing in an ERP. |
| Go-live | التشغيل الفعلي | The day you start working in the new system. |
| Fractional CFO | مدير مالي بدوام جزئي | Senior finance lead working part-time for your company. |
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